Thorp was the scientist/math geek behind finding the best and most winning strategy for blackjack. Thorp is an American mathematics professor, hedge fund manager, and blackjack player. Thorp is the author of the bestseller Beat the Dealer, which transformed the game of blackjack. Imagine a blackjack card counter faced with a situation of trying to count a six-deck shoe game where two rounds are dealt between shuffles. By then, it was the summer of 1961, and the two decided it was time to test the computer in a casino. Ken Uston. After he published a book in 1962 revealing how to. Edward Thorp is by many regarded as “the first quant”, at least one of the first who successfully used quantitative models for risk-taking. His emphasis on quantitative. Edward O Thorp is widely known as the author of the 1962 Beat the Dealer, which was the first book to prove mathematically that blackjack could be beaten by card counting, and. Edward Thorp's Ten Count system is one of the earliest card counting systems known. It started the blackjack craze in the 60s. Leigh Weiner for Newsweek. Edward O. There he gave a speech where he discussed his truly remarkable life, and how it started with a trip to Las Vegas in the 1950s. This book mathematically proved that the casino advantage in blackjack could be overcome by card counting. The first card counters used less refined tactics that didn’t give them much of an edge. Edward O Thorp is widely known as the author of the 1962 Beat the Dealer, which was the first book to prove mathematically that blackjack could be beaten by card counting, and the 1967 Beat the Market, which showed how warrant option markets could be priced and beaten. He is also the author of the 1964 book Beat the Dealer, credited with popularising the concept of card counting and bringing it to the mainstream. Thorp’s second hedge fund, Edward O. Thorp serves as the player's expert guide in learning how to play blackjack better. Description: “Blackjack: Play Like The Pros” is endorsed by 9-time WSOP winner Phil Hellmuth, Jr. 3. Coin tossing 4 3. Edward Thorp is an American mathematics professor, author, hedge fund manager and blackjack player who has a net worth of $800 million dollars. From there, he devised a system, tested it in real life scenario, and wrote the bestseller. Edward O. cards is an invaluable asset in the detection of cheating because aIt's tempting to think of Edward Thorp,. Thorp : biography 14 August 1932 – Edward Oakley Thorp (born 14 August 1932) is an American mathematics professor, author, hedge fund manager, and blackjack player best known as the "father of wearable computer" after inventing the world’s first wearable computer in 1961. Edward O. Introduction 387 2. He was a pioneer in modern applications of. Living on a teaching assistant’s stipend from UCLA and following a cheap. Edward O. Beating the House. " Harry. Having brushed shoulders with casino mobsters and survived, he shared his secrets with the world, launching a gambling renaissance. The author initiated the practical application of the Kelly criterion by using it for card counting in blackjack. Ed Thorp on the other hand used the Kelly criterion as a guide when he played blackjack so that he would not overbet and wipe out his edge. The so-called Basic Strategy, which was subsequently refined through the use of. Ross, having read Ed Thorp's book on winning at blackjack, winds up parlaying the Kimmels' chain of Manhattan parking lots into bigger and bigger things, until they finally become, incredibly. Hot Choice. To a blackjack professional, the name Edward Thorp needs no introduction. Biography Edward Oakley Thorp is an American mathematics professor, hedge fund manager, and blackjack player. Earlier Strategies After publishing this section, somebody accused me of stealing the idea from Edward Thorp. . On the Founders podcast, host David Senra distills stories and lessons from Ed Thorp’s biography A Man For All Markets. 4 Bibliography. 4. It’s unknown whether Edward Thorp still plays blackjack or not, as he is a private person and keeps his personal life out of the spotlight. Thorp’s specialty is Blackjack. Peter Griffin gives the exact answer for the infinite deck. | Joined Apr 2004. Thorp. Edward Thorp (Blackjack) Edward Thorp is a maths professor, fund manager and famous gambler. Then he changed the way Wall Street thinks about investing. Thorp. 39K Follower s. After reading the classic book Beat the Dealer, by Ed Thorp, Kaplan started card counting in Las Vegas and eventually ran a successful blackjack team there (1977). Random House, 1962. Ed Thorp Blackjack Paper, Prague Poker, 888 Poker Withdrawal Time Uk, Ram Slot 2 Not Working, Grand Luxe Casino Instant Play, Monopoly Slots 2 2 1 Mod Apk, Kudap PokerEdward O Thorp is widely known as the author of the 1962 Beat the Dealer, which was the first book to prove mathematically that blackjack could be beaten by card counting, and the 1967 Beat the Market, which showed how warrant option markets could be priced and beaten. Beat the Dealer - blackjack book which had been written by Edward Thorp and has sold more than 1,000,000 copies so far. A 30-year-old mathematics professor named Edward O. The Kelly bet size is found by maximizing the expected value of the logarithm of wealth, which is equivalent to maximizing the expected geometric growth rate. A. It was the first scientifically based text on the subject that was widely distributed among the public. Maya Ajmera, President & CEO of Society for Science & the Public and Publisher of Science News, sat down to chat with Dr. pp. He would go on trips with his friend Claude Shannon and Claude's wife Betty on the weekend to Las Vegas. Up until that point it was believed that it was impossible to legally beat. The Horse Hedge Method. Welcome to video 6 in our series of People Who Got Rich from Sports Betting. He used early versions of computers, like the IMB 704, to develop his blackjack strategy. The book contained mathematical proof that you could do the seemingly impossible: beat the house at blackjack by counting cards. A pioneer in modern applications of probability theory, Thorp’s bestselling book, Beat the Dealer, mathematically proved that the house advantage in blackjack could be overcome by… More about Edward O. No one has been responsible for introducing more people to counting cards in blackjack than Thorp, who wrote the landmark book Beat The Dealer in 1962. Thorp. The values for the Thorp Ten Count can be seen in the table. well discuss how you might spot this cheating method. Forex316. Obviously, the reporter was wrong. He is also the author of A Man for All Markets: From Las Vegas to Wall Street, How I Beat the Dealer and the Market. Edward Thorp, The Black-Scholes Model, & The Nobel Prize. In 1962 Thorp published the book Beat the Dealer that presented the conclusions of his research. Thorp is an author, a mathematics professor, and a professional blackjack player. Edward Thorp. He also backed up his theories by playing in the casinos and winning. About the Author See all Eliot Jacobson Ph. Although he doesn’t fit the theme of a sports bettor, it would be rude not to in. Thorp is an American mathematics professor, hedge fund manager, and blackjack player. Card counting. “Edward O Thorp is the author of Beat the Dealer, which was the first book to prove mathematically that blackjack could be beaten by card counting, and Beat the Market, which showed how warrant option markets could be priced and beaten. This was before he wrote his book "Beat the Dealer" in 1962. This had been the book which made the casinos in Las Vegas change all of their rules since the impact of this book had been massive. He is the first person to have proven mathematically that it is possible to beat. Thứ Năm, 11-03-2021 | 09:00 GTM+7. Not only did he devise a winning system for blackjack, he achieved an annual investment return of ~ 20 percent for nearly thirty years as a hedge fund manager. Thorp , 87, had counted on $8. Thorp and Associates. We owe everything to the card counters who came before us, beginning with Ed Thorp. He also backed up his theories by playing in the casinos and winning. Freaked-out casino magnates held a secret meeting at the Desert Inn to try figuring out what to do about Thorp and those who had been inspired by him. This was the first book to prove that the house advantage in blackjack could be overcome by card counting. In A Man for All Markets (Random House, 2017), he reflects on his life and the power of thinking differently—and deeply. com, iGaming Business, GamblingOnline, and Jackpots Review magazines,. This episode explores one of gambling history's most unusual, legendary relationships--and how it changed the casino industry. The Kelly Money Management System. He is considered by many as the Father of Card Counting. thorp ch 8 optimal investment and consumption strategies under risk for a class of utility functions, pp 91-111 nils h. My Blackjack Trip in 1962 to Las Vegas and Reno with Professor Edward O. Edit. Trong cuốn sách của mình Edward Thorp có chia sẻ rằng, nếu ông chỉ tập trung chơi bài Blackjack thì một năm cũng kiếm được chừng 400. Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty One. “It would be hard to understate the impact Ed Thorp had on the game of blackjack. Ed Thorp used Braun’s programs as did both Lawrence Revere and Lance Humble. We will present some useful formulas and methods to answer various natural questions about it. S. It was the first widely available publication that gave a firm mathematical proof on how a player could beat the game of 21. It recounts the complex journey of one of finance’s most interesting characters from skeptical academic to blackjack card counter and finally to successful speculator. 000 đô laEdward O. What is Edward Thorp’s age? Edward Thorp is 90 years old as of 2023. By: Edward O. Professional card counters are still making a living from the game. Edward O. His subsequent book, Beat the Market, co-authored with Sheen T. Julian Braun was an IBM computer programmer whom, after. Keep reading to find out more on Thorp along with how he. he was the first known card counter, or at least the first one to go public. Thorp, mathematics genius and author of Beat the Dealer, wrote the first book to outline card counting for improving odds when playing blackjack. Thorp rose up from nothing to become a professor at MIT, invented card counting and proceeded to beat the dealers of Las Vegas at blackjack, roulette and baccarat. From Mathematician to Vegas’ Worst Nightmare. In 1962, the young writer Tom Wolfe wrote a sympathetic profile in the Washington Post about a 30-year-old mathematician who had learned how to beat the house in blackjack. NEWSPAPER ARCHIVES: Vancouver Daily Province Archives 1894 - 2021. More advancedEd Thorp. At first, casinos in Las Vegas thought that Thorpe was bragging, until Thorpe appeared and swept casinos with the strategy laid out in his book. Blackjack. Edward Oakley "Ed" Thorp (born 14 August 1932) is an American mathematics professor, author, hedge fund manager, and blackjack player best known as the "father of the wearable computer" after inventing the world's first wearable computer in 1961. Thorp began his gambling career while he was a professor at MIT. thorp ch 7 portfolio choice and the kelly criterion, pp 81-90 edward. In the 1960s while teaching at MIT, he invented the first wearable computer as a device to predict the outcome of roulette rounds. He received his bachelor's degree in physics from the University of• Shannon's colleague, Edward Thorp, applied scientifi c ideas to develop a card counting system for winning at blackjack. He received his bachelor's degree in physics from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1953, followed by a master's degree in 1955. Ross, having read Ed Thorp's book on winning at blackjack, winds up parlaying the Kimmels' chain of Manhattan parking lots into bigger and bigger things, until they finally become, incredibly. He is also famous for inventing the first wearable computer in 1961, together with Claude Shannon. Ed Thorp is not well known among money managers, but he is held in awe by traders as a polymath, successful card counter, mathematician, finance specialist, and hedge fund manager. 1. The mathematician, Edward Thorp, described how to figure out the sequence of the cards and how to bet accordingly. " Harry. Thorp Edward O. Unfortunately, card counting is not quite as straightforward in baccarat as it is in blackjack. Thorp's Real Blackjack is a game in which Edward O. Thorp 2002 Author of the 1960s classic Beat the Dealer, which changed the way we think about blackjack. Thorp put early computers to use to run vast amounts of blackjack calculations and then went to the casinos of Las Vegas to put his theories to the test. Thorp is the father of card counting, and in Beat the Dealer he reveals the revolutionary point system that has been successfully used by professional and amateur card players for two generations. Thorp is a name often mentioned in the gambling world. ThorpThorp beat the casinos at Blackjack and Roulette, set up the first market neutral hedge fund, Princeton Newport Partners, and pioneered strategies like convertible arbitrage. Edward O. Description. Kassouf, influenced securities markets around the globe. 3 Stock market. Julian Braun continued this work and published what most players know today as the correct basic strategy of. エドワード・オークリー・ソープ（Edward Oakley Thorp、1932年 8月14日 - ）は、アメリカ合衆国の数学者。 エド・ソープとも呼ばれる。彼は、数学理論をブラックジャックなどのカジノゲームに適用したことで有名である。 金融工学者としても知られている。Even if you don’t know the name Ed Thorp, you know his work. m. In addition to “Beat the Dealer,” Edward Thorp has written several other books, including “Elementary Probability,” “The Mathematics of Gambling,” and “A Man for All Markets. Suppose you have a 5% edge over your. He not only improved players’ ability to beat casinos, but he also let the house in on the secret. While Ed Thorp's investment process required a level of mathematical aptitude superior to. About Edward O. D. And simply stated, it changed everything in casino gaming. Anything by Arnold Snyder is a good starting point for most novice players. Thorp’s first hedge fund, Princeton Newport Partners, never had a down year. Edward O. Since the release of his 1962 book, Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty-One, players have memorized the chart in an effort to have an advantage when the cards are dealt. Thorp introduced a calculated method for winning at blackjack. 110—112_ A FAVORABLE STRATEGY FOR TWENTY-OSF. DP on VP. 00. By Jerry Wagner. Ed Thorp is one of the fathers of blackjack card counting. Legendary quantitative thinker and blackjack whiz Ed Thorp answers questions about his new book, a memoir of beating Las Vegas and Wall Street. netcom. Timing is Crucial: Recognize that mispricings in securities draw the attention of. Edward O. : 342 It is the most widely played casino banking game in the world. Beat the Dealer by Edward O. A croupier deals a card on a blackjack table at a Gaming Partners International Corp. Then he changed the way Wall Street thinks about investing. Thorp had gone to Shannon for advice on his academic paper on blackjack. Beat The Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game Of 21. Lasky reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "It is singularly one of the best casino game/tutorials available today. To him, it. Edward Thorp – $800 Million. He is also the author of A Man for All Markets: From Las. And simply stated it changed everything. And in blackjack, he developed the very first card counting system that’s still widely used today. To me, this “sampling without replacement”, or “dependence of trials. Ed Thorp used math to become the first person to beat the casinos at blackjack. Take on the dealer in this classic casino game. criterion to Casino Blackjack in [31, to other gambling games in [4], and to modern portfolio theory In In the coin-tossing game just described, since the gambling probability and the payoff at each bet are the same, it seems intuitively clear that an "optimal" strategy will involve always wagering the same fraction f of your bankroll. or K. o. 00:00:00. Ed Thorp was one of the original 7 members inducted into the Blackjack Hall of Fame in 2002. The man was Edward O. In a remarkable career, Edward O. Today, Thorp owns a successful company in Newport Beach, California—Edward O. Today, I’d like to focus on Edward Thorp and his autobiography, A Man For All Markets. Today, with hundreds of Blackjack programs available for home computers, few players realize that back in the 1960s, only one man knew how to analyze Blackjack on computers and he was writing cumbersome FORTRAN programs for IBM mainframes. L. While in Vegas, they would usually play blackjack and some roulette as well. In fact, whereas. Free Online Casino 2022. Before the Ball, co-host Max Rubin sent the following email to the existing members of The Blackjack Hall of Fame. Abstract: This collection comprises the papers of Edward O. Ed Thorp developed a simple card counting system that he suggested to use to make the decision to make a. What is the Santa Fe Institute? The Santa Fe Institute is a research center that focuses on complex systems and interdisciplinary research. Thorp proved it could. Thorp later proved players could beat the house in blackjack by. com. Edward Oakley Thorp is one of the most famous mathematicians in the US, as well as the ground-breaking analyst of blackjack. His subsequent book, Beat the Market , coauthored with Sheen T. Thorp pioneered the use of quantitative investment techniques in the financial markets. He also backed up his theories by playing in the casinos and winning. Transcript. o. Edward O. Dr. Thorp. In his book, Beat the Dealer, published. Edward O. Edward O. Kassouf, influenced securities markets around the globe. Edward O. Meet mastermind Edward Thorp, the genius who turned his blackjack prowess into a stock market goldmine. It is more difficult now because casinos have fewer games with good rules and they also have learned to detect and discourage card counters. Blackjack (formerly black jack and vingt-un) is a casino banking game. Former math professor Edward Thorp will receive UCI Alumni Association’s top award May 16. Edward Thorp, the 2013 Extraordinarius, helped found the UC Irvine math department and funded an endowment to attract preeminent professors. . Edward Thorp is the bestselling author of Beat the Dealer. Kassouf, influenced securities markets around the globe. A pioneer in modern applications of probability theory, Thorp’s bestselling book, Beat the Dealer, mathematically proved that the house advantage in blackjack could be overcome by… More about Edward O. In 1962, the young writer Tom Wolfe wrote a sympathetic profile in the Washington Post about a 30-year-old mathematician who had learned how to beat the house in blackjack. Thorp’s system titled the stakes, giving players about a 2% edge over the house. Ông dành thời gian đến các sòng bạc tại phố Wall để chinh phục những điều mới lạ với thách thức lớn hơn. Renowned probability theorist Edward O. Fixed-fraction betting. Thorp was a mathematician who figured out that by removing a single 2 from a deck of cards made blackjack a positive expectation for the perfect basic strategy player. Math has never been cooler than in the presence of Ed Thorp. 795 million, but that wasn’t in the cards. in- surance. Edward Thorp is a renowned American mathematician, author, hedge fund manager, and blackjack player. 240) Written in 1966, this is THE original gambling book. From his groundbreaking insights into card counting and probability in blackjack to his innovative trading techniques, Thorp’s contributions have revolutionized both the gambling and trading worlds. Les Golden, the celebrated blackjack, roulette, and craps columnist for Bluff Europe, Gambling. Edward O. Edward O. ArticlesEdward Thorp was the first person to employ the Kelly Criterion, or “Fortune’s Formula” as he called it, to the game of blackjack. The first book to codify and popularize blackjack card counting, “Beat the Dealer. ” 6. Thorp is an 89-year old mathematics professor, hedge fund manager, blackjack researcher, and author of Beat the Dealer, Beat the Market, and A Man for All Markets: From Las Vegas to Wall Street, How I Beat the Dealer and the Market. 1 Before he shut down PNP, he was basically turning it into the first multi-strategy hedge fund (and later invested in the most prominent one, Citadel). When Thorpe played Blackjack, the rules made it almost a dead even game. 2. To beat roulette, he and the father of information theory, Claude Shannon, invented the first wearable computer. A croupier deals a card on a blackjack table at a Gaming Partners International Corp. Finally, we discuss its. Edward Oakley "Ed" Thorp (born 14 August 1932) is an American mathematics professor, author, hedge fund manager, and blackjack player best known as the "father of the wearable computer" after inventing the world's first wearable computer in. Ed Thorp, author of Beat the Dealer and Beat the Market, about winning at blackjack and winning in the stock market, takes a very straightforward approach to writing about his life and it works well. For example, the Ed Thorp interview, which is the longest, is almost worthy of a book in itself. Conventional wisdom in the 1950s held. Edward Thorp was the first one who explained the concept of card counting to average players in 1962. Playing Blackjack to Win. ) Blackjack Hall of Fame. Next time you find yourself at a live blackjack table, adding and subtracting ones as you count your way through a shoe of cards, and, hopefully make a bit of money in the process, take a moment between hands to thank Edward O. I. Thorp was honored at the 2017 Blackjack Ball for his. A mob slickster approached the young professor and the two forged. 99/yearEdward O. He is also the author of A Man for All. Not only did he devise a winning system for blackjack, he achieved an annual investment return of ~ 20 percent for nearly thirty years as a hedge fund manager. Edward O. Synopsis. Those changes would prove to be short-lived, but Thorp's. Thorp here: | Brought to you by Wealthfront automated investing (. Like most "ten-count" card counting systems, Thorp's Ten Count tracks the ratio of high cards to low cards in the deck by assigning each card a numeric value, which is then counted as each card is seen. He pioneered the modern applications of probability theory , including the harnessing of very small correlations for reliable financial gain. Watch my interview with Edward O. Thorp is another important contributor to the game of blackjack. In 1962, Ed Thorp became every gambler's favorite mathematician when he published the first mathematically proven method for beating the dealer at blackjack. THE KELLY CRITERION IN BLACKJACK SPORTS BETTING, AND THE STOCK MARKET1 EDWARD O. Thorp (@edwardothorp), author of the bestseller Beat the Dealer, which transformed the game of blackjack. St. He was a pioneer in modern applications of probability theory, including the harnessing of very. As a partial thank you, Max told Thorp that he could invite his entire family to this year’s Blackjack Ball if he wanted, totally. It was during the late-50’s and early-60’s, when Ed, a math genius and professor at MIT, took on the challenge of discovering a way to get an edge playing gambling games such as blackjack, roulette and baccarat. So I was excited to read Thorp’s new book, A Man for All Markets: From Las Vegas to Wall Street, How I Beat the Dealer and the Markets, about his life, gambling stories, and investment ideas. His card-counting system meant that he could tell at certain points during the game whether he had an advantage over the dealer. Bryce Carlson. Random House, 1962. pair split. THORP Edward O. View the Blackjack "Basic Strategy" Chart. An analysis of baccarat, backgammon, blackjack, gambling games, money management, roulette and the wheel of fortune. As Nassim Nicholas Taleb points out in the foreward to A Man For All Markets, Edward Thorp has written a book that, at times, reads more like a James Bond thriller than the memoir of a mathematician who ventured outside his academic field to beat casinos, both in Las Vegas and on Wall Street. Continue reading "The Tim Ferriss Show. 1% returns for nearly twenty years. Indeed, Ed Thorp himself had developed the original system whilst at MIT, using one of the most powerful computers in the world at that time. The 10 Count was first originated by Edward Thorp, a former mathematics professor at MIT who is considered to be the man who created modern card counting. Can markets be beaten? James Simons, Ed Thorp, J. A New York Times bestseller. “The first thing people who have control do is tilt the playing field. Petersburg Paradox. Edward Oakley Thorp is widely regarded, by professional players as well as the general public, as the Father of Card Counting. Thorp’s father was a strong proponent of education, and he worked hard to. bride after returning home from combat. Thorp 2002 Author of the 1960s classic Beat the Dealer, which changed the way we think about blackjack. At blackjack, Ed Thorp was presented with a different issue. Irvine, Calif. he also tried his hand at blackjack, or 21, using a strategy he had come across that increased the odds of winning against the casino to almost even. Thorp (@edwardothorp) is the author of the bestseller Beat the Dealer, which transformed the game of blackjack. The House Take In The Options Market A Proposition Bet With Dice. This series documents Thorp's writing and research related to gambling, game theory, mathematical finance, functional analysis, probability and statistics, and other various topics. By R. -P. His subsequent book, Beat the Market, co-authored with Sheen T. Random House, 1962. The mathematician, Edward Thorp, described how to figure out the sequence of the cards and how to bet accordingly. Thorp rose up from nothing to become a professor at MIT, invented card counting and proceeded to beat the dealers of Las Vegas at blackjack, roulette and baccarat. Edward O. Edward O. Thorp. Practical s crategies for the casino blackjack player were first announced 1961 [Thorp, 1961, These strategies and all subsequent favorable player strategies are based on the. David’s comments on Thorp are so fascinating to me they are worth quoting in full: Out of every single person I have studied so far for the podcast, Ed Thorp is my personal blueprint. Edward Oakley Thorp is widely regarded as the creator of card counting, a popular gambling technique in which players keep track of which cards have been played and which cards are still in the deck. Having overcome the odds in Blackjack, a year later Dr Thorp and Claude Shannon, built the world's first wearable computer to beat Roulette. He later met with Massar. The papers consist of scholarly and personal papers, including published and unpublished manuscripts, research and reference files. 1. PROFESSOR BLACKJACK (airing Tuesday, March 8th at 9:00 p. St. 1 Applied research in casinos. He is best known as the author of Beat the Dealer (1962). He outlines the process in his 1960 book Beat the Dealer and his findings changed the way this game was played once he had demonstrated that there was a winning strategy. Thorpe’s first stop was at the now closed, Harold’s Club, where he won $500 within the first 15 minutes. In 1962. The game of Blackjack, also called Twenty-One, has changed significantly since Edward Thorp wrote his famous book Beat the Dealer in the 1960’s. He then shared his results with the public by writing books. In 1958 Thorp was a young, up and coming professor at MIT. Only then did the game become wildly popular. T. (More on this shortly. I wrote on page 51 of Beat the Dealer. Deputy Editor. We will present some useful formulas and methods to. Position sizing. Introduction 3 2. The system worked so well that Las Vegas casinos actually changed the rules of blackjack to give the dealer an added advantage. Edward O. The book is important because it's the first published book about how to count cards in blackjack, five years before the famous Beat the Dealer by Ed Thorp. Khắp mọi sòng bạc Edward Thorp lui tới, ông đều tìm thấy điểm bị chơi khăm, bị cấm chơi, hoặc người chia bài xáo bài sau mỗi lượt chơi. É autor de Beat the Dealer, o primeiro livro. Thorp. Foi pioneiro em aplicações modernas da teoria das probabilidades, incluindo o aproveitamento de pequenas correlações para ganho financeiro confiável. Ed Thorp Blackjack. Thorp's. As a physicist and mathematician, he tackled the questions of roulette wheels and blackjack games in a scientific way and found that it was. Edward O.